|
|
Examining Innovation-Growth View and Innovation-Fragility View: A Case of European Countries
Xu, Yunqiao ; Janda, Karel (advisor) ; Radošević, Slavo (referee) ; Hanzlík, Petr (referee)
This thesis examines the innovation-growth view and innovation-fragility view on the impacts of financial innovation on banking performances in 22 European countries. It focuses on three aspects of analysis: the relationship between financial innovation and bank growth, the relationship between financial innovation and bank stability, and the relationship between financial innovation and banking performance reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic. The panel data sample consists of 4479 active banks in 22 European Union countries from 2008 to 2020. This paper uses the fixed effects model. The paper finds that financial innovation contributes to both bank asset growth rate and bank loan growth rate. Banks with lower market shares, higher loan to asset ratios, and higher tier 1 capital ratios have faster asset growth rates compared to others. Financial R&D intensity value added leads to both lower bank z-score and lower log bank z-score, while the ratio of off-balance sheet items to total assets leads to a higher log bank z-score. There is also evidence for cross-country variation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, off-balance sheet items divided by total assets negatively impacts the change in ROA for banks between 2018 and 2020, which supports the innovation-fragility view.
|
|
|
Essay on Financial Innovation, Credit Constraints, and Welfare
Janíčko, Martin ; Chytil, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tlustý, Adolf (referee) ; Pavelka, Tomáš (referee) ; Frait, Jan (referee)
The submitted thesis is composed of three different articles dealing with issues of financial innovation, credit constraints, and their impact on welfare. The first article treats the contemporary theoretical grasp of the interaction between the financial and real economies, focusing primarily on the role of modern financial innovation in the business cycle. For this purpose, a framework promoted by the Regulation School and Post Keynesians is frequently employed, whilst some other unorthodox streams and mainstream economics are partially discussed as well. All of them aspire -- either per se or under the pressure of the contemporary economic agenda -- to clarify the evolution of financial innovation and credit in the recent era. It is generally found that certain consensus across the schools of economic thought exists, but some of them have done a better job in predicting the consequences of the financial innovation for real economic activity than others. Further, two dynamic macroeconomic models are developed in order to, inter alia, identify the possible effects of extended credit availability presented in the former article on the example of the housing market, and simulate the effects of housing price changes on general welfare. Clearly, this part of the thesis exhibits the indirect consequences of financial innovation as, once again, being rather ambiguous: after having partially unleashed the unprecedented credit granting in the economy, impacting interest rates and loan-to-value ratios, with a subsequent impact on housing prices, it has also influenced credit constrained and unconstrained households in a different manner. Based on an analysis of the situation using partial and general equilibrium analytical frameworks, two somewhat different conclusions are drawn up with respect to the occurrence of various shocks in the models. Under the partial equilibrium framework the effects of relaxation of credit constraints are visible and quite straightforward, indicating relatively simple and intuitive relationship between the price appreciation and general welfare. This is primarily perspicuous for the credit constrained households. In the general equilibrium framework, on the other hand, the transitional dynamics of shock proliferation is more transparent and the impact on credit constrained vs. unconstrained households is more ambiguous and much different from the basic intuition used in the article anchored in the partial equilibrium toolbox.
|
|
|
Dopady hospodářské krize na ekonomiky vybraných členských států EU
Marek, Lukáš ; Machková, Hana (advisor) ; Pavlík, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze the origins of the 2007-2009 financial and economic crisis in the US and describe the most significant channels that caused its transmission to the EU countries. Second part of this paper compares both the progress and consequences the financial and economic crisis had for the United Kingdom and Germany with respect to institutional differences of their economic models. Firstly, the second part of this paper focuses on the main institutional patterns including market for corporate control, banking sector, market as a means of financial allocation, labour market flexibility and the economic role of the state. Secondly, using an elaborate micro and macroeconomic data analysis I compare both the progress and the impacts the crisis had on the UK and German economy. Hereby I show that some of the differences in the progress and economic consequences the crisis had for the UK and Germany (price bubble on the real estate market, firms' financial distress, lower domestic and foreign demand and increased unemployment rate) reflected the institutional particularities of their economic models.
|
|
|
Course of global financial crisis in Germany – impacts on the Czech economy
Kořínek, Tomáš ; Plchová, Božena (advisor) ; Nigrinová, Lenka (referee)
A financial crisis in 2007 changed the development of the global financial system. A lot of financial innovations, although they cannot be considered the only reason of the crisis, affected the critical situation reasonably. The initial crisis of the financial system soon transferred into real economy. German banking system suffered from negative effects of the financial crisis. The federal government sets up a Special fund for stabilization of the financial market (Soffin) to help the financial sector. Germany is the second largest exporter in the world and the fall of the foreign demand meant a depression of its export. The Czech financial system (banking) was not affected too seriously during the initial period of the financial crisis. The main reason of this was that the majority of Czech banks are controlled by foreign subjects which meant that risky businesses were implemented by principal companies. The crisis transferred into real economy through the channel of foreign trade.
|
|
|
Influance of operating accounting methods on the current financial crisis
Pozdníková, Magdaléna ; Munzi, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jílek, Josef (referee)
The subject of this bachelor work is an influence of operating accounting methods on the current development of the financial crisis. In the first part, there are described trends on financial markets in last few years. The further part is devoted to the mortgage market in the USA and the individual process of providing mortgages. Subsequently, there is an analysis of the connection between a quantity of securitized assets and a number of mortgages. Other roles of financial innovations during the financial crisis will be discussed as well. In the last part, there are examined methods of the appraisement which were applied during the crystalization of the crisis. Using these appraisement methods caused the deformation of operational book keeping that eventually led to softening of accounting rules.
|
|
|
The Theory of Business Cycle and Financial Crisis by J.A.Schumpeter's and H.P.Minsky's Theories
Mlčkovský, Petr ; Kovářík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bydžovský, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to create a business cycle model through the medium of J.A.Schumpeter's and H.P.Minsky's alternative theories. The introduction is dedicated to theoretical and methodological starting-points and basic characteristics, that are essential for business cycles. Moreover in the first chapter, there will be constructed a business cycle model based chiefly on innovational doctrines "Financial Instability Hypothesis" by Hyman Minsky and Schumpeterian waves. In second chapter, this model will be applied to selected economic crises, in particular Great Depression of the 1930's, Savings and Loans Crisis of 1980's, Japanese crisis and contemporary crisis having roots in USA. Studying these cases, we will attemt to define common characteristics of particular sections of business cycles. The last chapter will be dedicated to evaluation and conclusions that had been made throught the thesis.
|
guest ::
